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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e21094, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420462

ABSTRACT

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that 30% of the world's population suffers of anemia, half of the cases are related to iron deficiency, and the most common treatment is the use of iron supplementation. In this framework, the iron and zinc determination from different dietary supplements was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Concerning the dissolution of supplements, direct acid dissolution, wet digestion, and microwave digestion (MW) techniques were used for sample preparation. The iron and zinc recovery results demonstrated that the MW technique was the most appropriate for all of the supplements with the highest metal recovery yields. Moreover, the method validation parameters referred to a linear range for iron of 0.1-4 mg L-1 with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9998 ± 0.002, while for zinc it was 0.01-1 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.9997 ± 0.003). The limit of detection and quantification values were calculated as 0.03 and 0.09 mg L-1 for iron and 0.01 and 0.02 mg L-1 for zinc, respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated from the % recovery yield for iron and zinc, which, respectively, resulted in an oscillate of 99.2% to 102%, and 99.4% to 100.4% for the dietary investigated supplements. The precision of the method was determined by intra-day and inter-day precision with a relative standard deviation that was <2.0%


Subject(s)
Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods , Zinc/analysis , Dietary Supplements/classification , Iron/analysis , Validation Study , Anemia/pathology
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2020. 27 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361417

ABSTRACT

Fatigue is defined as the inability to maintain muscle power and strength, impairing performance. Nutritional interventions have been used to delay this phenomenon, such as glutamine and alanine supplementation. These amino acids might attenuate several causes of fatigue, since they are important energy substrates, transport ammonia avoiding the accumulation of this toxic metabolite and attenuate muscle damage and oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine and alanine supplementation on central and muscle fatigue parameters of rats submitted to resistance training (RT). Forty adult Wistar rats (60 days) were distributed into five groups: SED (sedentary, receiving water), CON (trained, receiving water), ALA, G+A and DIP (trained and supplemented with alanine, glutamine and alanine in their free form, and Lalanyl-L-glutamine, respectively). Trained groups underwent a ladder-climbing exercise, with progressive loads, for eight weeks. Supplements were diluted in water to a 4% concentration and offered ad libitum during the last 21 days of experiment. RT increased plasma glucose, the muscle concentrations of ammonia and glutathione (GSH) and the muscle damage parameters - plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), whereas decreased muscle glycogen. G+A supplementation prevented the increase of muscle ammonia by RT, while ALA and G+A administration reduced plasma CK and LDH, and DIP supplementation increased the muscle content of glycogen and LDH. Contrary to expectations, DIP administration increased central fatigue parameters, such as plasma concentration of free fatty acids (FFA), hypothalamic content of serotonin and serotonin/dopamine ratio. Despite these results, there was no difference between groups in the maximum carrying capacity (MCC) tests. In conclusion, supplementation with glutamine and alanine improves some fatigue parameters, but does not affect physical performance of rats submitted to RT


O termo fadiga é definido como a incapacidade de manutenção da força e da potência musculares, prejudicando a performance. Intervenções nutricionais têm sido utilizadas para retardar este fenômeno, como a suplementação com glutamina e alanina. Estes aminoácidos poderiam atenuar diversas causas de fadiga, pois são importantes substratos energéticos, carreiam amônia evitando o acúmulo deste metabólito tóxico e atenuam a lesão muscular e o estresse oxidativo. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com glutamina e alanina sobre parâmetros de fadiga central e muscular em ratos submetidos ao treinamento resistido (TR). Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar adultos (60 dias de idade), distribuídos nos grupos: SED (não treinados, recebendo água), CON (treinados, recebendo água), ALA, G+A e DIP (treinados e suplementados com alanina, glutamina e alanina livres, e L-alanil-L-glutamina, respectivamente). Os grupos treinados realizaram um exercício de escalada em escada, com aumento progressivo de carga, durante oito semanas. A suplementação foi diluída a 4% em água e ofertada via oral, ad libitum, durante os últimos 21 dias de experimento. O TR aumentou a glicemia, as concentrações musculares de amônia e de glutationa (GSH) e os parâmetros de lesão muscular - creatina quinase (CK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) no plasma, enquanto reduziu o glicogênio no músculo. A suplementação com G+A preveniu o aumento de amônia muscular promovido pelo TR, enquanto a administração de ALA e G+A reduziu as concentrações de CK e LDH no plasma, e a suplementação com DIP aumentou o conteúdo muscular de glicogênio e de LDH. Ao contrário do esperado, a administração de DIP aumentou parâmetros de fadiga central, como as concentrações plasmáticas de ácidos graxos livres, o conteúdo hipotalâmico de serotonina e a razão serotonina/dopamina. Apesar disso, não houve diferença entre os grupos nos testes de carga máxima. Em conclusão, a suplementação com glutamina e alanina melhora alguns parâmetros de fadiga, mas não afeta o desempenho físico em ratos submetidos ao TR


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Dietary Supplements/classification , Alanine/antagonists & inhibitors , Fatigue/classification , Glutamine/antagonists & inhibitors , Blood Glucose/immunology , Water/pharmacology , Exercise/physiology , Resistance Training/methods , Physical Functional Performance
3.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 104(1): 42-47, mar. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-789834

ABSTRACT

Se realizó la revisión de los trabajos de investigación relacionados con la utilización de resolvinas y probióticos como complementos dietarios en la terapia periodontal, tanto en animales de experimentación como en humanos, describiendo el origen, la composición y los posibles mecanismos de acción. A partir de los trabajos revisados, se concluyó que las aludidas sustencias son, en la actualidad, un tema de investigación no traspolable a la clínica y que en el mediano plano, podrían potenciar las terapias actuales para patologías periodontales específicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontal Diseases/diet therapy , Dietary Supplements/classification , Dietary Supplements , Gingivitis/diet therapy , Gingivitis/prevention & control , Lipoxins/administration & dosage , Periodontitis/diet therapy , Periodontitis/prevention & control , Probiotics/administration & dosage
4.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 89(3): 286-293, maio-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679309

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de doenças diarreicas (DA) e infecção respiratória aguda (IRA) em crianças submetidas à suplementação de zinco e outros micronutrientes através dos sprinkles, bem como a aceitação destes pelos participantes. MÉTODO: Ensaio clínico, duplo cego, randomizado, realizado com 143 crianças institucionalizadas, saudáveis, de seis a 48 meses. As mesmas foram randomizadas em dois grupos e receberam diariamente zinco + micronutrientes - grupo teste (sprinkles), ou apenas micronutrientes sem zinco - grupo controle. As crianças foram suplementadas por 90 dias e acompanhadas quanto aos desfechos de DA e IRA. RESULTADOS: Das crianças randomizadas, 52,45% pertenciam ao grupo teste e 47,55% ao controle. A incidência de DA no teste foi de 14,7%, e no controle, 19,1%. O grupo teste apresentou menor risco de desenvolver DA em relação ao controle, porém esse achado não foi estatisticamente significante (RR = 0,77 [0,37-1,6]; p = 0,5088). A IRA apresentou incidência elevada em ambos os grupos, sendo 60% no teste e 48,5% no controle, com risco maior de apresentar a doença no grupo teste, porém sem significância estatística (RR=1,24 [0,91-1,68]; p = 0,1825). Quanto à aceitação, o percentual médio de consumo, em dias, de todo conteúdo dos sachês contendo sprinkles foi 95,72% (DP = 4,9) e 96,4% (DP = 6,2), para o teste e controle, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A suplementação de zinco através dos sprinkles não reduziu a incidência de DA ou IRA entre as crianças avaliadas. Os sprinkles foram bem aceitos por todos os participantes do estudo.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of diarrheal disease (DD) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children undergoing supplementation of zinc and other micronutrients through the use of sprinkles, as well as their acceptance by these participants. METHOD: This was a randomized double-blinded clinical trial of 143 healthy institutionalized children, aged 6 to 48 months. They were randomized into two groups and received daily zinc and micronutrients - test group (sprinkles), or micronutrients without zinc - control group. Children were supplemented for 90 days and followed regarding the outcomes of DD and ARI. RESULTS: Of the randomized children, 52.45% belonged to the test and 47.55% to the control group. The incidence of DD in the test group was 14.7% and was 19.1% in the control group. The test group showed a lower risk of developing DD when compared to controls, but this finding was not statistically significant (RR = 0.77 [0.37 to 1.6], p = 0.5088). ARI had high incidence in both groups, 60% in the test group and 48.5% in the control group, with an increased risk of developing the disease in the test group, but with no statistical significance (RR = 1.24 [0.91 to 1.68], p = 0.1825). Regarding acceptance, the mean percentage of consumption, in days, of the entire content of the sachets containing sprinkles was 95.72% (SD = 4.9) and 96.4% (SD = 6.2) for the test and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation through the use of sprinkles did not reduce the incidence of DD or ARI among the evaluated children. The sprinkles were well accepted by all study participants.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Child, Institutionalized , Dietary Supplements , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Micronutrients/administration & dosage , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Zinc/administration & dosage , Zinc/deficiency , Child, Institutionalized/statistics & numerical data , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Dietary Supplements/classification , Epidemiologic Methods , Food, Preserved/adverse effects , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
5.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 85(4): 287-294, ago. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525161

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisar crititcamente o uso, benefícios e efeitos adversos dos principais suplementos alimentares utilizados por adolescentes. FONTES DOS DADOS: A pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada nos últimos 10 anos, utilizou os bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS. Foram examinados 377 artigos, sendo selecionados 52. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: O consumo de suplementos dietéticos é amplamente difundido entre adolescentes. Tal fato é constatado, com frequência, nos consultórios de pediatria e hebeatria. Na maioria das vezes ele ocorre sem uma necessidade específica, sendo motivado pela busca do corpo ideal. Outros motivos para essa suplementação são: compensar dieta inadequada, aumentar imunidade, prevenir doenças, melhorar o desempenho competitivo e superar os próprios limites. Os suplementos alimentares mais utilizados e discutidos nesse artigo e para os quais existem poucas evidências de um efeito benéfico de sua utilização por adolescentes saudáveis são: proteínas, aminoácidos, betahidroxibetametilbutirato, microelementos, carnitina, creatina, vitaminas, cafeína e bicarbonato. CONCLUSÃO: O uso irrestrito de suplementos dietéticos deve ser desaconselhado, uma vez que expõe o adolescente a vários efeitos adversos, além da falta de evidência de que tal prática levará a melhora no desempenho. Uma nutrição balanceada, com aquisição da energia e dos nutrientes necessários é geralmente suficiente para boa performance nas atividades físicas. A reposição com suplementos dietéticos deve ser reservada para atletas competitivos que não consomem uma dieta balanceada, após a comprovação de alguma deficiência específica.


OBJECTIVE: To review the use, benefits and adverse effects of the main dietary supplements consumed by adolescents. SOURCES: The literature review was performed using MEDLINE and LILACS databases (1997-2008). We analyzed 377 articles, and 52 of them were selected as references. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Consumption of dietary supplements is widely spread among adolescents. This habit has often been detected in pediatric and adolescent medicine clinics. Most of the time, the use of supplements is motivated by the search of the "ideal body." Other reasons for this practice are: attempt to compensate for an inadequate diet, increase immunity, prevent diseases, improve athletic performance and overcome their own athletic limits. The dietary supplements most frequently used and for which there is little evidence of beneficial effects in healthy adolescents are: proteins, amino acids, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, microelements, carnitine, creatine, vitamins, caffeine, and bicarbonate. This dietary supplementation may be beneficial for competitive athletes who do not have a balanced diet after a specific dietary deficiency has been detected. CONCLUSION: The unrestrained consumption of dietary supplements should be avoided, since, besides the lack of evidence that such practice will lead to improvement of performance, it exposes adolescents to several adverse effects. Balanced nutrition, with intake of essential energy and nutrients is usually enough to achieve good athletic performance. The use of dietary supplements must be allowed only for selected cases in which specific nutritional deficiencies are identified.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Dietary Supplements , Athletic Performance , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Dietary Supplements/classification , Motivation , Nutrition Policy , Nutritional Requirements
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